Essential everyday greetings, farewells, and courtesy phrases.
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Hi! / Good day. (Ahoj is informal (also means 'bye'); dobrý den literally 'good day' is the standard formal greeting.)
Ahoj! / Dobrý den.
How are you? (informal / formal) (Literally 'how do you have yourself' — reflexive se is obligatory.)
Jak se máš? / Jak se máte?
I'm good! And you? (Literally 'I have myself well'.)
Mám se dobře! A ty?
Good evening, everyone! (Všem is dative plural of všichni — 'to everyone'.)
Dobrý večer všem!
Good night, darling. (Dobrou noc is accusative (object of an implied 'I wish you').)
Dobrou noc, miláčku.
What's your name? (informal / formal) (Literally 'how do you call yourself'.)
Jak se jmenuješ? / Jak se jmenujete?
I'm called Alex. And you? (Reflexive verb — literally 'I call myself'.)
Jmenuji se Alex. A ty?
Sorry, I didn't understand. (Feminine speaker says nerozuměla jsem. Ne- is the negation prefix.)
Promiň, nerozuměl jsem.
Excuse me. (to get attention) (Formal/plural form of promiň.)
Promiňte.
Sorry. (apology) (Pardon is a casual borrowing; promiňte is the everyday Czech word.)
Pardon. / Promiňte.
Please. (Also means 'you're welcome' and 'here you go' when handing something over.)
Prosím.
Thank you for your help. (Za + accusative = 'for'. Casual: díky za pomoc.)
Děkuji za pomoc.
You're welcome. (Literally 'there isn't what for' — i.e. nothing to thank for.)
Není zač.
Nice to meet you! (Literally 'it pleases me'.)
Těší mě!
Goodbye. (Literally 'to a seeing-again' — formal. Casual: ahoj or čau.)
Na shledanou.
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