Essential everyday greetings, farewells, and courtesy phrases.
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Ahoj! / Dobrý den.
Hi! / Good day. (Ahoj is informal (also means 'bye'); dobrý den literally 'good day' is the standard formal greeting.)
Jak se máš? / Jak se máte?
How are you? (informal / formal) (Literally 'how do you have yourself' — reflexive se is obligatory.)
Mám se dobře! A ty?
I'm good! And you? (Literally 'I have myself well'.)
Dobrý večer všem!
Good evening, everyone! (Všem is dative plural of všichni — 'to everyone'.)
Dobrou noc, miláčku.
Good night, darling. (Dobrou noc is accusative (object of an implied 'I wish you').)
Jak se jmenuješ? / Jak se jmenujete?
What's your name? (informal / formal) (Literally 'how do you call yourself'.)
Jmenuji se Alex. A ty?
I'm called Alex. And you? (Reflexive verb — literally 'I call myself'.)
Promiň, nerozuměl jsem.
Sorry, I didn't understand. (Feminine speaker says nerozuměla jsem. Ne- is the negation prefix.)
Promiňte.
Excuse me. (to get attention) (Formal/plural form of promiň.)
Pardon. / Promiňte.
Sorry. (apology) (Pardon is a casual borrowing; promiňte is the everyday Czech word.)
Prosím.
Please. (Also means 'you're welcome' and 'here you go' when handing something over.)
Děkuji za pomoc.
Thank you for your help. (Za + accusative = 'for'. Casual: díky za pomoc.)
Není zač.
You're welcome. (Literally 'there isn't what for' — i.e. nothing to thank for.)
Těší mě!
Nice to meet you! (Literally 'it pleases me'.)
Na shledanou.
Goodbye. (Literally 'to a seeing-again' — formal. Casual: ahoj or čau.)
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