Ask for clarification, slow things down, and confirm you understood.
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En ymmärtänyt.
I didn't understand. ('En' (I don't) + past participle — Finnish negates past tense this way.)
Voisitko puhua hieman hitaammin?
Could you speak a little slower? ('-mmin' = 'more -ly' (comparative adverb): hidas → hitaammin.)
Voisitko toistaa sen?
Could you repeat that, please? ('Voisitko' = 'could you' — conditional + question ending.)
Ymmärsitkö minua?
Did you understand me? ('-itkö' = past tense + question — both packed into the verb.)
Sanonko tämän oikein?
Am I saying this right? ('-nko' = question ending on first person verb.)
Lausunko tämän oikein?
Am I pronouncing this right? ('Lausua' = to pronounce, related to 'lause' (sentence).)
Miten se sanotaan oikein?
What's the right way to say it? ('Sanotaan' = passive 'one says/it is said'.)
Unohdin.
I forgot. (No pronoun needed — '-n' ending = 'I'.)
Onko tälle toista sanaa?
Is there another word for this? (Literally 'is for-this another word?' — 'tälle' = 'for this' (-lle = 'to/for').)
Onko tämä sama kuin tuo?
Is this the same as that? ('Tämä' (this) / 'tuo' (that) / 'se' (it).)
Miten sanotaan…?
How do you say…? ('Sanotaan' passive — 'how is it said?')
Mitä tämä tarkoittaa?
What does this mean? ('Tarkoittaa' = to mean/intend, from 'tarkka' (precise).)
Mikä tämä on?
What is this called? (Literally 'what is this?' — the most natural way to ask the name of something.)
Oikeasti? Onko se oikein?
Really? Is that correct? ('Oikea' = right/correct → 'oikein' (adverb) / 'oikeasti' (really).)
Miksi? Miksi se on näin?
Why? Why is it like this? ('Näin' = 'like this', 'noin' = 'like that'.)
Voitko toistaa tämän minulle?
Can you repeat this for me? ('Minulle' = 'to me' — pronoun + -lle ending.)
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