Ask for clarification, slow things down, and confirm you understood.
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分かりませんでした
I didn't understand (Past polite negative of 分かる.)
もう少しゆっくり話してくれますか
Could you speak a little slower, please? (もう少し = 'a little more'. ゆっくり = slowly.)
もう一度言ってくれますか
Could you repeat that, please? (もう一度 = 'one more time'. 言う (iu) = to say.)
分かりましたか
Did you understand me?
これで合っていますか
Am I saying it right? (Literally 'with this, is it matching?' 合う (au) = to match/fit.)
発音は合っていますか
Am I pronouncing it right? (発音 = 発 (emit) + 音 (sound) — 'emitted sound'.)
正しい言い方は何ですか
What's the correct way to say it? (言い方 = 言う (say) + 方 (way) — 'way of saying'. The 方 pattern works on any verb.)
忘れました
I forgot (忘れる (wasureru) = to forget.)
他の言い方はありますか
Is there another word for that? (他 (hoka) = other.)
これと同じですか
Is it the same as this? (と = with. 同じ (onaji) = same. Literally 'is it same with this?')
〜は何と言いますか
How do you say…? (Literally 'as for X, what does one say?' と marks quoted content.)
これはどういう意味ですか
What does this mean? (どういう = 'what kind of'. 意味 (imi) = meaning.)
これは何と言いますか
What's this called? (Literally 'as for this, as-what is it said?' と = quotative particle.)
本当？合っていますか
Really? Is that correct?
なぜ？どうしてこうなりますか
Why? Why is it like this? (こう = like this. なる = to become.)
これをもう一度言ってください
Can you repeat this for me? (ください = polite 'please' for requests, from 下さる (to give downward).)
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