Polite requests, formal introductions, and courtesy phrases.
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Excuse me, sir / madam. (Pane and paní are vocative forms for direct address.)
Promiňte, pane. / Promiňte, paní.
Can you pass me the water? (Po- + dát 'give' = 'pass/hand over'. Formal: můžete.)
Můžeš mi podat vodu?
Can you pass me the salt?
Můžeš mi podat sůl?
Would you mind helping me? (to a man) (Literally 'would it not bother you to help me'. Nevadit = 'not to mind/bother'.)
Nevadilo by ti pomoct mi?
I'd like a glass of water. (Female: dala bych si. Literally 'I would give myself' — standard polite ordering phrase.)
Dal bych si sklenici vody.
Could you take a picture for me? (to a woman) (Vy- 'out' + foto — 'to take out a photo (of)'.)
Mohla bys mě vyfotit?
Could you take a picture for me? (to a man)
Mohl bys mě vyfotit?
I don't think we've met. My name is… (Literally 'we haven't seen each other yet' — common Czech opener.)
Myslím, že jsme se ještě neviděli. Jmenuji se…
I'd like to introduce you to a friend. (Female speaker: ráda bych ti představila. Před- 'before' + stavit 'put' — 'to place before'.)
Rád bych ti představil kamaráda.
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