Ask for clarification, slow things down, and confirm you understood.
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Ik heb het niet begrepen.
I didn't understand.
Kun je iets langzamer praten, alsjeblieft?
Can you speak a bit slower, please? ('iets' literally 'something' — used to mean 'a bit' before comparatives.)
Kunt u iets langzamer praten, alstublieft?
Can you speak a bit slower, please? (formal) ('u' = formal 'you'; 'alstublieft' = 'alsjeblieft' with 'u'.)
Kun je dat herhalen, alsjeblieft?
Could you repeat that, please? ('her-halen' = 'again-get' → to repeat.)
Kunt u dat herhalen, alstublieft?
Could you repeat that, please? (formal)
Heb je me begrepen?
Did you understand me?
Zeg ik dat goed?
Am I saying that correctly? (Literally 'say I that well' — 'goed' covers both 'good' and 'right/correct'.)
Spreek ik dat goed uit?
Am I pronouncing that right? ('uitspreken' = pronounce, literally 'out-speak'; 'uit' separates to the end.)
Hoe zeg je dat goed?
What's the right way to say it?
Ik ben het vergeten.
I forgot. ('vergeten' uses 'zijn' (to be) as auxiliary — unusual in Dutch.)
Is er een ander woord voor?
Is there another word for that?
Is dat hetzelfde als dit?
Is that the same as this? ('hetzelfde' = 'het' + 'zelfde' (the same).)
Hoe zeg je…
How do you say…
Wat betekent dit?
What does this mean?
Hoe heet dit?
What is this called? (Literally 'how is this called' — same 'heten' as for people's names.)
Echt? Is dat waar?
Really? Is that true? ('waar' = true (also means 'where' — context distinguishes).)
Waarom? Waarom is het zo?
Why? Why is it like this?
Kun je dat voor me herhalen?
Can you repeat that for me?
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